Minimum Wage - 1943 Words

Rachael Lawless Ellingson ENG#101-21202 Rough Draft 22 November 2011 No Title Yet Minimum wage has been a continuing matter since its first establishment, and it is something everyone faces. Though, the recurring problem being brought up again and again is the issue of being underpaid, and is the set minimum wage fair? And will raising minimum wage be more beneficial or harmful in the long run? Through its history can society better understand and find a solution to this problem. Minimum wage was not instituted in the United States until the 1920s, and the idea of wages being determined by the hour was introduced in the 1930s. The Fair Labor Standards Act was born and passed through the Supreme Court in 1938, as well as the Wage and†¦show more content†¦For instance, â€Å"creating lower minimum wages for students and new hires could preserve jobs† as â€Å"the student minimum wage would permit employers to hire season workers without bearing the full cost of adult employment† (Hicks). It is also suggested that after employed un skilled workers work for â€Å"more after 90 to 120 days of employment†, they can gain a paid more than from when they started working. This policy could spare the training of those unskilled workers by other employee. These recommendations suggest that instead lowering minimum wage for full-time and long-time employers, lowering the rate for students and new employees and sparing the employees from training unskilled workers could essentially save a company money, while establishing a fairer work environment. A solution that workers themselves can implement, is improving their skills in the work force and outside of their working environment. â€Å"After improving skills, minimum-wage employees receive raises at a rate nearly six times higher than everyone else† (Berman), which means that if employees were to improve on their skills inside the work force and outside the work force, such as reading or showing up for work in a timely manner, and it shows in their work, they will be paid more and given raises due to their quality of work becoming more refined. A company will want a skilled worker, and will be more willingShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage And The Wage916 Words   |  4 PagesEliminate the Minimum Wage Darity Has described minimum wage as: â€Å"Minimum-wage legislation has been to improve the terms of employment of the least-fortunate wage earners.† (Darity) Since the beginning of minimum wage laws in 1270 France the intentions of minimum wage legislation has been good. The idea is that a worker is worth a certain amount regardless of the work they are able to do. One can see how this could create inefficiencies in an economy. The law was meant to help poor families.Read MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pages Minimum wage requires paying every employee a specific wage regardless of the employee productivity. It is the responsibility of the government to set the minimum wage. To understand this, a biology analogy can be used: some animals are stronger compared to others. In economic perspective, some people are relatively unable to deliver compared to others. Among them include, disabled, unskilled, and the youth. Due to their low productivity, th ey are entitled lower wages corresponding to their effortsRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesRoyer Political Science 120 7 November 2016 Increase Minimum Wage Introduction The United States’ minimum wage has been a concerning issue amongst the low wage earners because of the amount they earn is not enough for them to live on their own. Therefore causing the citizens who earn minimum wage to have an impossible time finding a place to stay and expenses for daily survival. Increasing the minimum wage will solve the issues that the minimum wage earners make, thus increasing the chances of survivalRead MoreThe Wage Is The Minimum Wage1098 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 9 6/5/16 â€Å"The minimum wage is the minimum hourly wage an employer can pay an employee for work. Currently, the federal minimum wage is $7.25 an hour (part of the Fair Labor Standards Act) and some states and cities have raised their minimum wage even higher than that.† minimum wage was first introduced during the great depression in 1930s. Before it was introduced thousands of people were forced to work in horrible conditions for pennies a week. Early attempts on minimum wage was ruled unconstitutionalRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1437 Words   |  6 Pages Minimum wage was established on October 24, 1938 after President Roosevelt signed the Fair Labor Standards Act. (Grossman) Minimum wage was set to allow working class citizens an opportunity to work a reasonable amount of hours for pay that would enable individuals to maintain a minimal quality life. In today’s economics minimum wage is used as a price control or price floor that the government enforces. A price floor is a minimum price for a product or service above the market’s equilibrium priceRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1269 Words   |  6 PagesMinimum Wage There are a lot of people around the world who struggle with money and a satisfactory way of life. Whether they be in the United States or across the globe, there is a standard minimum wage set for the working class of their country. In the Unites States, there is a federal minimum wage of seven dollars and twenty five cents per hour worked. Almost every state has another set minimum wage, which typically is a little higher than the federal minimum wage, but it cannot be lower thanRead MoreThe Wage Of The Minimum Wage871 Words   |  4 PagesWith the presidential elections right around the corner policy on minimum wage has come up for debate once again. William Hoar from The New American argues in his article â€Å"Misguided minimum wage mandate† that raising the minimum wage will only result in loss of jobs. According to the editorial board at USA Today, â€Å" inflation adjusted income of the top 1 percent has grown by 58 percent and the remaining 99 percent has only gr own by 6.4 percent†. They then state that a raise to 15 dollars an hour onlyRead MoreMinimum Wage863 Words   |  4 PagesMinimum wage is a controversial topic because everybody wants more. People want more money and some think that just increasing minimum wage can increase more money that they get. However, this is far from the truth as sometimes employers can’t pay their employers more than minimum wage. Not to mention that if the minimum wage goes up so does the price of everything else in order to adjust for the new price. So essentially increasing the wage majorly does nothing except maybe lower the value of yourRead MoreMinimum Wage and Its Implications763 Words   |  3 PagesMinimum wage affects everyone. The current minimum wage is at $7.25 and President Obama announced that he wished to see a change in the minimum wage, he wants to raise the hourly wage to $10.10. A rise in the income of those who are employed will also raise the cost of hiring unskilled lab or and can potentially reduce the number of people hired by businesses. Also, if minimum wage is raised then the price of the products that the companies are making might increase which will continue the cycle ofRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1639 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum wage is one of the many microeconomic policies that serve to correct imbalance in the economy. It is defined as the lowest amount of remuneration required of an employer to pay his employees during a given period of work. There exist different laws in different states that can fix the minimum wage policy. A current economic issue is minimum wage, or specifically, its pertinence to social inequality. Many sectors of society would be affected by changes in this policy. Minimum wage relies on

The Incarceration Of The United States - 1044 Words

Overview The United States has the highest prison population in the world, with over two million incarcerated (World Prison Brief, 2016), of whom many are juveniles. It is well documented that youths who enter this system are more likely to suffer a host of negative health and lifestyle outcomes, such as alcohol/drug abuse, high school dropout, and mental health problems. Such phenomena occur in stark contrast with the aims of the US juvenile justice system, which supposedly intends to help offending youths re-assimilate back into society as productive citizens. As previously mentioned, incarceration often leads to poor mental health, which when combined with the conditions of confinement significantly raises the rates of suicide and†¦show more content†¦Adolescents sentenced within the US juvenile justice system have especially high rates of recidivism (when compared with their adult counterparts), with male juveniles incarcerated at a rate five times higher than females (Sickmund e t al., 2015). African-Americans are an especially vulnerable demographic within this group. In numbers similar to the adult incarcerated population, youths of color are found in disproportionate numbers in every step of the US juvenile justice system, with African-American youths confined at nearly five times the rate of their white peers (The Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2013). Additionally, number of prior offences is an important factor, as first-time offenders are much less likely to re-offend than those with previous offences (Harrison et al., 2001). Gang-related activity and offenses were avoided for the purpose of this study, as gang-affiliation has an effect on the juveniles’ responses to the â€Å"positive peer pressure† of Teen Court programs. It is important to note, however, that for juveniles, previous incarceration acts as an even greater risk factor for future incarceration than gang membership (Holman Ziedenberg, 2006). It is important to note that only participants who completed the program were included in the analysis. Research shows that of those who participate in Teen Court programs, those who complete their sentence are significantly

Technology of War Free Essays

Patrick Struszczyk Professor Mako November 23, 2010 HHS-125 Technology of War War brings with it a surge of technologies. Development of tactics, machines, and general technology usually arise in times of trial. Two wars, the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War, are prime examples of how technology and tactic morph and evolve. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology of War or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tactics in war are one of the more vital aspects, a proper set of tactics can help overcome dramatic odds. The French/Indian War involved the French, the Natives of North America, and the British. During the war, European powers followed strict guidelines and protocol when in battle; form lines of 3 men deep, fire in volleys, take care of prisoners lives, opposing generals would dine together; these and other rules composed European warfare. The Indians, on the other hand, fought guerilla style ambushing and using hit/run maneuvers to harass, tire, and weaken the enemy. The tactics in the French/Indian War were integrated by the Americans during the Revolutionary War while the British continued with their traditional tactics. Though tactics play an important role in battle, it is not the single factor that determines the victor.As war developed, so did the machines used. An army with more advanced weapons would have tremendous advantages over an army with ‘outdated weapons’. During the French and Indian War, great strides were made in the area of guns and cannons. Both the French/Indian and British used muskets, cannons, and the newly created rifles. ‘Involving muskets the British favored the ‘Brown Bess’ and the French had the Charleville’ (French and Indian War). Before this war muskets were only accurate at around 50 meters and had to be protected by pikemen when reloading.The addition of bayonets and rifling in the barrel fixed these problems and increased effectiveness. ‘Since rifling was expensive and time consuming, at first only the best shots in the regiment were given rifles’ (Weapons). The Revolutionary war continued these military improvements. Rifles began replacing muskets in the British divisions while the Americans had to collect weapons from the French and Indian War, other countries, or from captured British holds. ‘A key in battles such as in Boston and defending coastal bases were cannons’ (Valis).Cannons were usually imported from England and stolen by the Americans, they were measured based on the size of the cannonballs they fired. War is demanding on not only soldiers, but also on citizens who have to provide food, funds, shelter, and tools for the armies. The demands of war usually bring advancement of general technology either during or after a war. A few years after wars, the technology is usually made open the public to do what they can and adapt it to their lives while the government begins new ways of improving warfare. A few examples are from the French and Indian war.The men kept their muskets and were able to use them for hunting and such. ‘Interchangeable parts in France began in the production of muskets but soon trickled into textiles, crafts making and such’ (Interchangeable). War is an activity that evolves over time due to development in tactics, weapons, general technology, and other factors; such as the changes from the French and Indian war to the American Revolution.Works Cited†French and Indian War. †Ã‚  Military:French and Indian War. GlobalSecurity. Org, 27 04 2005. Web. 23 Nov 2010. http://www. globalsecurity.org/military/ops/french_indian.htm  Valis, Glenn.†Tactics and Weapons of the Revolutionary War.. †Ã‚  Tactics and Weapons of the Revolutionary War. A basic overview of how the weapons of the American Revolution were used and why.. Glenn Valis, 3/31/02. Web. 23 Nov 2010. http://www. doublegv. com/ggv/battles/tactics. html†INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS . †Ã‚  Inventors and Inventions from the 1700’s – the Eighteenth Century :INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS  2010. n. pag. EnchantedLearning. com. Web. 23 Nov 2010. http://www. enchantedlearning. com/inventors/1700. shtml How to cite Technology of War, Essays

According To Study Performed In Singapore â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Are The Factors That Contribute To The Increasing Graciousness Index Of Singapore? What Are The Roles Of Parents In Ensuring That They Inculcate Moral Values In Their Children? What Kind Of Support Do They Need? From The Current Trend Of Graciousness Index Of Singapore, What Are The Future Impacts Likely To Be Inflicted On The People Of Singapore? What Are The Economic Implications Of Social Graciousness Index? Answers: Introduction The act of graciousness is not only a social construction which one should possess for the sake of feeling well, but also has the ability to boost ones career. Graciousness also influences ones relationship, performance, and happiness. Graciousness is as well, a component that comprises emotional intelligence. With emotional intelligence, life and academic success are guaranteed. According to a study performed in Singapore on first year students in a particular college, showed that the prediction of their emotional intelligence was more accurate compared to the academic success. The same is experienced in fields that dont actually perceive emotional intelligence as that vital; such as computer science. It is because those students who have EQs that are higher are associated with enhanced levels of accounting performance (Kampung, 2017). There are two areas associated with emotional intelligence and graciousness that are very important in this particular study. These areas are social skills and empathy. When children are grown in a society that upholds the values of graciousness, such children will develop excellent emotional intelligence. In turn, we shall realize increased academic performance. Also, emotional intelligence has always been associated with sounder decision making capabilities. Those with higher levels of emotional intelligence have the capability of making judgments, be it in work or areas of investments, in a manner that they are not influenced by external factors. Being gracious in areas of work has been associated with improving ones health. According to a study performed in Australia, in 2008, having social interactions that are positive within the work environment boosts employee health (SKM, 2015). It is not only at individual level that we witness productivity due to the presence of graciousne ss but also in the society at large. Looking at the theory of evolution that was proposed by Darwin, we realize that it quotes competitive behavior and survival of the fittest as the primary elements of success. However, kind behavior and caring are much more beneficial. It does not take us by surprise that Darwin himself agrees to the same. According to his sentiments, people have fundamentally evolved to becoming more social and caring. We, therefore, need those qualities on others too. From Darwins opinion, therefore, them that are gracious and kind are likely to be far much more successful than those who are not (SKM, 2015). However, the benefits of being gracious are intertwined in our own relationships. Being kind as well as having a good relationship has the ability of developing individuals personally as well as the society at large. Kindness among people helps in the creation of a stronger bond. A community that is gracious is, therefore, strong and likely to be helpful to one another and thus ensuring success for one another. Serving others and being kind to them is as well beneficial to our own performances. Focusing on the problems of others ensure that we reduce inhibitions and in return, develop unique talents. It is such a simple truth that helps in training of actors as well as business management for the purpose of unleashing the maximum potential of workers. In most instances, happiness has also been associated with kindness and graciousness. Research activities have shown that when individuals take part in instances of kindness, even for as little as fifteen days, they get high levels of s atisfaction in life. Such reasons have, therefore, contributed to graciousness being part of the 5G platform (Kampung, 2017). Scope of the Research This activity is based on the fact that Singaporeans are beginning to show positivity regarding the state of kindness and graciousness. Also, more residents of Singapore accept the fact that they need to be authoritative when it comes to ensuring that they foster and also promote proper social values when they find the chance to showcase themselves. As a result of such, we will determine the Graciousness Index against the study that the Singapore Kindness Movement commissioned for the purpose of tracking the perceptions and experiences of Singaporeans. For the purpose of determining the level of kindness, this activity uses a demographic sample of representation of 1,850 respondents. The participants then share their perceptions and experiences regarding the subject matter. The whole process of seeking the responses leads to the development of this quantitative research proposal. From the same, this activity will explain factors which contribute to the Graciousness Index score. The a ctivity will also construct the study measures as well as variables. In summary, this research activity, in the sections under analysis, will use the system-based evolutionary learning laboratory also known as the ELLab together with the key variables to accomplish the required tasks. Other factors of significance include leverage points and the BBN model. Having done so, the activity will be summarized, under which the limitations, practical implications, and future possibilities of the same research being discussed. Positivity of Graciousness When is surrounded with difficulties, challenges, defeat, and loss practicing graciousness becomes difficult. Some of the things one is likely to experience in this case include disappointment and anger. All the named factors have the ability to deter one from being their own selves. On the contrary, issues like competition also have the ability to reduce the level of ones graciousness (Levine, 2017). However, going about your ways and still being gracious under such circumstances is what identifies one as a leader. As much as it may be difficult in such situations, it is the positivity by which speakers communicate that makes them sound appealing and their message hopeful enough. That way, they make things easy and done way too quickly. One of the studies performed on the impacts and qualities of negative and positive words portrayed that human communication which basically ensures that information transfer process gets optimized creates a bias. The bias created is towards emotional content that is positive (Levine, 2017). However, positive emotional expressions have the ability to increase communication levels as well as have social links strengthened. In the same study, it was identified that the number of times that positive words got used was higher than that in which negative words were termed. On the contrary, negative words had more information since they serve another purpose altogether. However, words that are positive were used to ensure cooperation (Levine, 2017). Economic Significance It is during the phase of creating a country with a positive environment for living as well as the tourism industry that Singapore made the effort of having its level of social graciousness increased. Regarding the same, the country launched a courtesy campaign as a way that it would encourage the people of Singapore to adopt an attitude that is more courteous as well as a lifestyle which would induce an environment that is socially pleasant (Graciousness Survey, 2017). Later on, several measures were adopted including one known as Singa, the courtesy lion. This was a campaign that would ensure maximum publicity through profiles via television, radio, documentaries, newspapers, songs, jingles, banners, and posters. Even with such relentless campaigns, research organization still ranked Singapore as the last country with regards to emotional response (Graciousness Survey, 2017). Another survey was then performed by the Kindness Movement of Singapore performed in 2013 showed that the gracious index had fallen by about 8 points which was the lowest value ever recorded since the inception of the surveys (Graciousness Survey, 2017). On the same, another Australian article argued that the citizens of Singapore didnt have the necessary initiatives for caring. Out of the eighty-eight respondents questioned by Kindness Movement, approximately eight-four percent of the number agreed that Singapore suffers from poor social graciousness. Contrary to the many campaigns done in the country to reduce the same, little impact has been felt to ensure that Singapores graciousness index is boosted. All the obtained results, for a number of times, have illustrated that the challenges associated with graciousness that Singapore faces are complex (Nguyen, 2016). The results also show that there has been the need to identify whatever factors that hinder the growth of social gracio usness index. To answer such questions, there are a number of approaches that were taken. One, policy makers and relevant stakeholders had to be equipped with other ways of thinking to have such problems solved. Another factor would be the establishment of a system that is holistic and of which would focus on eradicating the causes of the problems mentioned earlier on (Nguyen, 2016). For the purpose of understanding the interconnectedness, the dynamics, and the relationships within the social system talked about, systems model was developed. Business, a system-based one, was known as the ELLab. This was an approach that would identify as well as address issues regarding graciousness within Singapore (Nguyen, 2016). Research Approach The approach used, which is a system-based ELLab, will be important in ensuring that researchers begin to think systemically. Also, decision and policy makers will be able to come up with as well as share their understanding regarding the complex matters. By so doing, there would be chances of creating solutions that are sustainable and innovative through the use of the identified approach. With this approach, a new mindset is provided to the researchers through involvements that are multi-perspective (Graciousness Survey, 2017). Regarding data collection, the process will be done in stages. First, appropriate information is obtained in the literature review. Secondly, information is obtained from interviews with respondents. The same technique has been used throughout the process of this activity. For the sub-groups of respondents, stratified sampling was employed. The opinions of respondents concerning strategies or social graciousness and how such factors associated with them have increased the graciousness index will then be discussed (Nguyen, 2016). The activity will have key variables integrated into the model via sessions of capacity-building. In these sessions, participants have the chance to integrate during which the participants learnt to integrate the various mental models into a systems structure. For the purpose of analysis, this activity will use the IBM SPSS Statistics 24. The same has enhancements to ensure that the modules and procedures of data manipulation are efficient. In the cycle for development, SPSS Statistics 24 was modeled to have concerns addressed. The product is, therefore, different from other analytical tools due to the fact that it addresses customer requests for the purpose of having analytical procedures enhanced. The process also employs the Vensim CLD Software. The researchers, in this case, will explore as well as interpret the interconnectedness and patterns of the ELLab model using CLD. With the named software, the researchers are able to understand the ELLab model as well as identify the models points of leverage for intervention that are systemic. The points of leverage are points of power. Such are points whereby tiny shifts have the ability to generate larger changes within the whole system. The leverage points identified then become the systemi c interventions objectives. However, to have the interventions and proposals captured, the IBM SPSS Statistics 24 is used. Such systemic interventions portray an oversight for the whole process (Graciousness Survey, 2017). Systems key variables With regards to the development of the CLD, the activity has to develop key variable as well as strategies based on the identified mental models. Our key variables are grouped into systems components such as socio-cultural norms, education, and livelihood using the Vensim, and IBM SPSS Statistics 24 software programs (Graciousness Survey, 2017). Education Institutions have always been the most effective tool for ensuring that the youths moral values are restored. The social and academic needs of the children has ensured that curriculum planning have the root causes of social problems as well as personal behavior solved. Families should also recognize the fact that they play a critical role in determining personal beliefs regarding the right and wrong things (Nguyen, 2016). Socio-culture In most instances, social issues always attract the intervention of the government via campaigns for the purpose of raising awareness as well as improving social interactions. Children, for instance, as they grow, interact with schoolmates and friends. These individuals that they interact with have the ability to influence such childrens behavior. However, Singaporeans happen to be undergoing value change as well as placing vitality on inclusiveness and empathy. Social issues have then had several impacts on Singapore including development hindrance. However, the case is fast changing. The quality of life Through the use of purchasing power to determine life quality, it is made vivid that there has been a different direction with regards to living costs that lessens the stress of individuals. With reduced levels of stress, the performance of work within an organization. Life quality as well as influences within an organization is determined via social graciousness. However, high levels of graciousness are obtained via constant interactions within individuals in a given organization. Results Interviews conducted for over a period of two months with 1,850 respondents produced the following results: The level of optimism had greatly increased. Approximately forty-four percent of the total respondents claimed that Singapore has improved a lot regarding graciousness. This value is far much beyond the twenty-eight percent recorded in the previous year. About eighty-four percent of the total number of respondents also rated themselves as very gracious. However, there were a five percent of individuals who were not sure about their level of graciousness. About sixty-nine percent of the same people agreed to the fact that the country was improving with regards to graciousness. The main reasons for such growth were due to the adoption of factors like being courteous, considerate, and appreciative. Generally, the respondents were encouraged by the fact that people are beginning to have positive perceptions. Regarding the results obtained, it is clear that if such positive trend continues, then there is a chance of having graciousness and kindness as part of the norms that identify Singapore globally. Analysis and Discussions Regarding the findings tabled before, the leverage points are as a result of funding from the government to initiate campaigns. Having the government involved in the same situation is vital since social problems are likely to be reduced within the society. So is to say that creating many initiatives for social awareness regarding issues leading to reduced graciousness and the manner in which they could be eradicated is able to lead to positive long-term impact (SKM, 2015). However, as much as some of the interventions failing, several campaigns have ensured that the main goal of having social awareness increased is achieved as social problems eradicated. The campaigns have also increased social interactions. However, there is a limitation to the research. The fact that such campaigns dont tackle most of the social problems still hinder the likelihood of getting better results since some individuals still have low levels of social graciousness due to the same reason (SKM, 2015). The c ampaigns also need to be more foresighted to reduce levels of failure. All in all, having the government sponsored campaigns utilized is an important leverage point. Recommendation and Conclusion The government should, however, increase their support like campaigns to increase social graciousness in the country. The social campaigns need to be more specific to tackling ways in which personal behavior can be changed for the better. It is sad to note that less than sixty percent of such campaigns are able to provide such awareness. The available thirty percent is less. To realize greater graciousness index, the number of campaigns that tackle individual behavioral reform schemes should increase CIRT. (2017). As clearly indicated in the results of the survey, campaigns that are facilitated by the government are much more instrumental in the creation of awareness. They are also the reason as to why Singapore enjoys a steady increase in the graciousness index. On the contrary, ensuring that individual behavior is more influenced, there are other factors that need to be employed. Such include proper child upbringing and curriculum change CIRT. (2017). Reference CIRT. (2017). Components of a Research Paper - Center for Innovation in Research and Teaching. Cirt.gcu.edu. Retrieved 3 September 2017, from https://cirt.gcu.edu/research/developmentresources/tutorials/researchpaper Graciousness Survey. (2017). Graciousness Survey 2017 - Singapore Kindness Movement. Singapore Kindness Movement. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from https://kindness.sg/blog/2017/06/27/graciousness-survey-2017/ Hamel, G (2017). Example of a Business Contingency Plan. Smallbusiness.chron.com. Retrieved 13 June 2017, from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/example-business-contingency-plan-12292.html Hockett, K (2017), 5 Tips for Making Group Work Manageable. Edutopia. Retrieved 13 June 2017, from: https://www.edutopia.org/blog/tips-making-group-work-manageable-kristina-doubet-jessica-hockett Kamboj, P. Singh, S. K. (2015). Effectiveness of Selected Teaching Strategies in Relation to the Learning Styles of Secondary School Students in India. Interchange, 46(3), 289-312. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/article/10.1007%2Fs10780-015-9253-7 Kampung, W. (2017). The Science of the 5Gs. WOW Kampung. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from https://wowkampung.com/5gs/science/ Kaur, L (2015). Future classroom with ICT tools.Educational Quest: An International Journal of Education and Applied Social Sciences, 6(2), 133-136. Retrieved from https://search.informit.com.au.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/documentSummary;dn=842121265964419 Learning, I. of L. (2009, November 12). 3. Methods of collecting qualitative data.. Retrieved 13 June 2017, from: https://libweb.surrey.ac.uk/library/skills/Introduction%20to%20Research%20and%20Managing%20Information%20Leicester/page_54.html Levine, B. (2017). The Positive Power of Graciousness | SmartMouth Communications. Smartmouthcommunications.com. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from https://www.smartmouthcommunications.com/the-positive-power-of-graciousness/ Margie (2012). Classroom Management Techniques For Group Work. Bright Hub Education. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from: https://www.brighthubeducation.com/classroom-management/19616-group-work-techniques/ . MAYER, F. (2017). CET-Innovation Entrepreneurship . Sony falls back , 1-3. McClendon, K., Ho, T. (2016). Building a Quality Assessment Process for management and Documenting Student Learning. Assessment Update, 28(2), 7-14. McMillan, L. (2017). The benefits and risks of outsourcing | Lexology. Lexology.com. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e698d613-af77-4e34-b84e-940e14e94ce4 Messnarz, R., Ekert, D. (2007). Assessment-based learning systemslearning from best projects. Software Process: Improvement and Practice, 12(6), 569-577. Nguyen, N. (2016). The economic importance of social graciousness index: a systemic approach to Singapore case. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kwamina_Banson/publication/303002156_The_Economic_Importance_of_Social_Graciousness_Index_A_Systemic_Approach_to_Singapore_Case/links/58122d4308ae1f5510c2a103/The-Economic-Importance-of-Social-Graciousness-Index-A-Systemic-Approach-to-Singapore-Case.pdf?origin=publication_detail Nikki (2017). Benefits of outsourcing: Enjoy global outsourcing advantages from Flatworld Solutions. Flatworldsolutions.com. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from: https://www.flatworldsolutions.com/articles/benefits-of-outsourcing.php Open Innovation. (2003). Open Innovation :: Open Innovation Community. Openinnovation.net. Retrieved 13 June 2017, from https://openinnovation.net/about-2/open-innovation-definition/ Outsource2india (2017). The Benefits of Outsourcing - Outsource2india. Outsource2india.com. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from: https://www.outsource2india.com/why_outsource/articles/benefit_outsourcing.asp. Pieters, J., Limbach, R., Jong, T. (2004). Designing discovery learning environments: process analysis and implications for designing an information system. International Journal of Learning Technology, 1(2), 147. Rouse, M. (2017). What is outsourcing? - Definition from WhatIs.com. SearchCIO. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from: https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/outsourcing Sheng, L. and Martin, D. (2000). Gap Analysis on Expectation of Service Quality in the Outsourcing Strategy. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from: https://eprints.uthm.edu.my/5803/1/2._Lee_Chin_Sheng.pdf SKM. (2015). Graciousness Index shows further improvement - Singapore Kindness Movement. Singapore Kindness Movement. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from https://kindness.sg/blog/2015/05/05/graciousness-index-shows-further-improvement/ Soriano-Meier, H., Garza-Reyes, J. and Rocha-Lona, L. (2012). Exploring the Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing the Development of New Products. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from: https://ieomsociety.org/ieom2012/pdfs/189.pdf. Vincent, C. L. (1992).The role of vision in the process of restructuring planning (Order No. 9307264). Available from ProQuest Dissertations Theses Global. (304004872). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/docview/304004872?accountid=14543