Site Investigation Essay Sample free essay sample

In all civil technology plants. the most important is the dependability of the information about the land on which the civil technology undertaking will be founded. We would name this SI. or Site Investigation Information or merely SI. There are assorted methods of obtaining SI information. in this paper we will concentrate on most widely used method. that affecting Boring and Drilling. IMPORTANCE OF SI INFORMATION We. the Engineers. all will hold that SI is a specialist operation. Almost all SI is remotely carried out ( we are proving evidences below from surface! ) and because of this. it is needfully the most procedure oriented operation. Therefore. for SI information to be meaningful. it requires rigorous attachment to processs and good pattern. Which merely translated agencies. attachment to Code of Practice and Specifications. All Engineers to the full agree with these statements. On the footing of the informations obtained via SI ( bing less than 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Site Investigation Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1 % of the undertaking costs ) . 1000000s or one million millions will be committed to the undertaking. It hence makes technology sense that SI must merely be carried out utilizing suited equipment and ancillaries and by trained individuals under the supervising of every bit if non better trained supervisors. All SI specifications for Site Investigation in usage today in one manner or another emphasize craft supervising and have similar demands viz. : 1. Method of tiring must be such that observations are possible and dirt volume to be tested remain undisturbed before being tested.2. Boring to be carried out utilizing Drill Rods with spots attached to be used for3. advancing of dullard holes4. Judicial usage of H2O5. Testing demands6. Mentions to SO. Supervisor or similar implying competent supervising7. Mentions to Code of Practice and Specification. in locating on attachment to processs Short COMINGS OF OUR SI PRACTICES Surprising issue is. that all of us to the full agree with nice statements like above. we even use moderately good specification. yet if we were to see any SI site anyplace in our state. we will happen there is non a individual SI site where any of these sentiments and demands are met. Situation at each SI location is virtually the same. viz. 1. No mention paperss ( CP or specifications ) on site2. Machines and ancillaries in non-compliance with specifications3. Unacceptable processs. trying. proving. transporting4. Untrained operators5. Untrained. normally non existing supervisors SI information produced from these worksites. in the signifier of SI REPORTS are every bit compatible to state of affairs on the worksites and have following in common * All most all debut part of studies describe methods which are non same as on site* All presentations and dirt descriptions in bole logs vary from company to company and in some instances different locations and pay no relevancy to state. research lab trials. consistence etc* From dullard holes logs. based on presentation and deficiency of site observations. it besides can be inferred that* All strata alterations in land below occurs at 1. 5 metre intervals in Malaya* There are neer any happenings of Water losingss. alteration in H2O colourss. H2O immersion. stuff alterations. HOW Such PRACTICES AFFECT PROJECTS All above consequences in concluding merchandise called SI REPORT or FACTUAL REPORT. Such â€Å"FACTUAL† SI Reports. based on information as obtained from methods adopted to twenty-four hours present information which are far from being dependable. dearly-won in long tally and even unsafe. This reinforces common. but a really basic premiss. â€Å"GOOD DECISION CAN NOT BE MADE ON BAD INFORMATION† . Undertaking costs and safety are have direct bearing on information we use in our designs. With no information we have no pick but to over design and fix for worst. At least we are prepared. With bad / undependable information. we can do bad pick. and may non recognize it is a bad pick. and we are worse off than in the instance of no information. because in this instance we are non even prepared to anticipate jobs. but we do acquire caught in all kinds of jobs. Today there is a silent consciousness that something is incorrect with our SI. but nil is altering. bad equipment. bad ancillaries. bad operators and where possible experient bad supervisors continue to supply us with dubious information and we keep planing and building and blowing money. We so indicate to these constructions and say. â€Å"If SI was bad how come these edifices are standing up? †in all these statements we seem to bury the rudimentss once more. that every Civil construction is alone. Unlike motor vehicles which are tested to devastation at design phase. we can non likewise test civil constructions to devastation and reconstruct it more economically. We have to be every bit right as possible right from the beginning. and use Factors of Safety to extenuate some of these uncertainnesss. Due attention and diligence is of premier importance in all Civil Engineering undertakings. This is a batch more so in SI. all work is remotely carried out. no same sample or trial location can be tested twice. variables that can do consequences dubious include equipment. ancillaries. how they are used. where and who they are used by. Consequences obtained from each location merely state us how that location ( the dullard hole location ) was like before proving ( after proving it is no longer the same ) . We use figure of these trial consequences to develop a image of the evidences below. This image will neer be 100 % accurate. Again some uncertainnesss are taken attention of by Factor of Safety. Even with this. in is necessary to guarantee that the consequences we obtained are every bit accurate as possible and decently taken. ie dependable to let us to develop as accurate image of evidences below as possible. We do this by following set processs in tiring. proving and trying and even in how each sample is described. ( logging ) . This manner we guarantee uniformity of processs. uniformity of description and uniformity of describing and cut down every bit many variables as possible. Uniformity of procedural coverage is really of import. because one time SI is carried out we are left with nil but the FACTUAL SI REPORT. This study has to be such that interior decorator using his past experience and cognition can develop accurate image. When reported as described. SI REPORT ALLOWS US TO measure variableness in the land moderately accurately. Now please see the present s tate of affairs of the SI REPORT. where codifications and specification are seldom followed. no attachment to processs. no uniformity in describing. Under these fortunes. no affair what Factor of Safety we use. we are still playing technology version of Russian Rowlett. OUR BORING METHODS Method of progressing of boreholes as we ask for in our specifications provides us with dependability of trying and proving. This means. each method has to be such that it must non let that volume of undersoil. ( which we will prove or sample. ) to be changed or altered before it is tested. Basic in all this. is how the â€Å"hole† is made to make the sampling/testing deepness. This is referred to as drilling. In instance of tiring in dirts. most recognized method are Percussion Boring. Rotary Boring. Auger Boring. Properly used all these methods allow for dependable sampling and testing. Properly used methods we would specify as that utilizing adequate and suited equipment and ancillaries under the attention of trained operators and supervised by trained supervisors. Most normally used methods is Rotary Boring ( or Rotary Wash Boring ) which involves a deadening hole utilizing boring fluid ( H2O or clay ) pumped down a rod fitted at the bottom some kind of cutting spot. Advan cing of hole is achieved by fring of dirt below the rod by the cutting spot and the conveyance of these film editings to come up by boring fluid. ( H2O or clay ) . Boring fluid. under some force per unit area. is discharged from the drill spot at the underside. largely sideways and returns to come up conveying with it cuttings of dirt dislodged by cutting spot. If shells are used to stabilise the hole. these ever follow behind the rods. Most of import issue to observe is that boring fluid is non dismissed downwards into dirts below but sideways and therefore really small volume of dirt below the rod is disturbed or contaminated and about all of the fluid used is returned to the surface to garner with dirt film editings. This is the method we ask for in all our specifications. Method we really use really different. It is more of H2O gushing than rotary drilling. All good elements of Rotary Boring are losing. It involves progressing of borehole utilizing merely the Casing ( no rod with cutting spot affiliated ) under really heavy H2O force per unit areas. All dislodging of dirts below is achieved by beastly force of H2O and surging/rotating action of the shell ( H2O jetting ) . In short it merely uses shell and H2O. This is a really rough method. This method requires really small accomplishment. and it is fast and most of import. it is inexpe nsive. However. as all H2O under high force per unit areas is discharged from downwards. Considerable sum of H2O is lost in dirts below therefore considerable volume of dirt to be tested is contaminated or disturbed. This makes all proving and trying unacceptable because we are now proving dirts which are no longer representative of dirt mass around it. Add to this state of affairs deficiency of trained operators and untrained supervisors. no process. no uniformity and we have Malayan SI. OTHER SI METHODS OF OBTAINING SI INFORMATION There are legion other SI methods. which method used will depend upon site and expected dirt types. There is no cosmopolitan method for every status. The other methods include CPT. Pressure Meter. Dilatometer. Seismic and so on. Because of our deficiency of consciousness. which allows us to anticipate cheapest at fastest velocities. merely about every method of SI practiced is capable to intuition and likely to be unacceptable since remarks on rudimentss like preparation and attachment to processs apply here every bit good. Every method used today has component of MAKE-DO about it. ( CPT cone with clash sleeve smaller than cone to rush incursion. Electric Cones on Mechanical CPT Machines. Pressure metre trials without force per unit area regulators. shear vane trials with homemade vanes and so on ) . This component of MAKE-DO will stay until we accept need for preparation. attachment to processs and rejection of make-do equipment and ancillaries. Until this happens. no affair what me thod is used. it is non likely to animate assurance in SI information. PRACTICE OF SI TODAY We must halt brushing off our present province of SI industry by presuming it has ever been bad any manner and hence whatever will be. will be. This is non true. Practitioners of SI around 1970ss used tiring methods utilizing Hydraulic Federal. top driven machine. utilizing compatible rods and shells. normally B. N. H sized shells and B and N sized rods. Every occupation required careful consideration of compatible and suited equipment which included rods. shells. nucleus barrels. assorted cutting spots and boring spots. Each borehole took about four times longer and about three times costlier than today. SI information. we like to believe. was at least dependable. These equipment still be and are available even today. but because of high operation costs. its practicians can non vie with today’s wash drilling or â€Å"WATER JETTING† . By late 1880ss. legion operators with entree to cheap machines entered the SI market. The machines they used were non right machines for drilling and testing. but they were fast. and once more really of import. they were really inexpensive. They produced fast studies. in some instances even instantaneous studies. Quality and dependability of information became secondary to rush and monetary value. Those with proper equipment and ancillaries could non vie and either left the field or merely joined in. Cost of SI kept coming down even though the cost of labour. fuel. ancillaries and equipment has about doubled or tripled. There are no drastic inventions in basic SI engineering. Nevertheless SI costs today are about ONE THIRD that used to be i n 1970ss or early 1880ss. Today SI operations are come to be regarded as lowest signifier of catching and it seem as we merely do non care. WHAT IS REQUIRED Most of import thing required is CONSCIOUS AWARENESS amongst applied scientists that quality of SI needs bettering and why. We must halt doing alibis to warrant bad SI alternatively we must at highest degrees. get down paying attending to awareness and developing. This must besides follow consciousness amongst Undertaking Owners to the importance of SI information to their undertakings. Following most of import issue to be addressed must be preparation of forces involved in SI. both from contractors and supervisors and intrusting all SI operations are entrusted merely to them. Third standardisation of specifications. measure of measures and describing formats etc. Last and most of import consciousness must be that good quality SI will non be inexpensive. but these costs are nil compared to additions in cost decreases and decrease in building and station building jobs. This has to be acceptable to both clients and applied scientists.

Guidelines For Writing Excellent Essays About Banks

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